correct Answer ( D )

Rapid urbanization in pakistan presents numerous public health challenges . The influx of people into urban areas often strains existing infrastructure resulting in overcrowded living conditions, inadequate sanitation and a lack of access to clean water . Further, air pollution from increased vehicle traffic and industrial activities contributes significantly to respiratory diseases and also the spread of communicable diseases faster and more difficult to control . Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive urban planning that prioritizes public health infrastructure and access to quality healthcare .