The yields of cereal crop are influenced by a complex interplay of factors which can be broadly categorized into biotic and abiotic factors . Biotic factors include diseases, pests, and weeds, which all can significantly reduce yields if not managed ...

A. Northern Areas, Southern Plains, Coastal BeltB. Coastal Plains, Central Highlands, Desert RegionsC. Northern Mountains, Eastern Plains, Western CoastD. Indus Valley, Coastal Belt, Thar ...

Integrated Pest Management ( IPM ) offers significant advantages over traditional methods . IPM prioritizes minimizing pesticide use by employing a multifaceted approach that combines cultural, biological and chemical controls . Key benefits include reduced pesticide costs, enhanced crop quality, ...